21 May 2017
Dr. Jan M de Beer
Passage:
Matthew 16:13-20
13 aNow when Jesus came into
the district of bCaesarea Philippi, He was asking His disciples, “Who
do people say that cthe Son of Man is?”
14 And they said, “Some say
aJohn
the Baptist; and others, 1bElijah; but still
others, 2Jeremiah,
or one of the prophets.”
15 He *said to them, “But who do you say that I am?”
16 Simon Peter answered, “You are 1athe
Christ, bthe Son of cthe living God.”
17 And Jesus said to him, “Blessed are you, aSimon 1Barjona,
because bflesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heaven.
18 “I also say to you that you are 1aPeter,
and upon this 2rock I will build My church; and the gates of bHades
will not overpower it.
19 “I will give you athe keys of the
kingdom of heaven; and bwhatever you bind on earth 1shall
have been bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth 2shall have been
loosed in heaven.”
20 aThen He 1warned the
disciples that they should tell no one that He was 2bthe
Christ.[1]
13a Matt 16:13–16: Mark 8:27–29; Luke 9:18–20
13b Mark 8:27
13c Matt 8:20; 16:27, 28
14a Matt 14:2
14 1 Gr Elias
14 b Matt 17:10; Mark 6:15; Luke 9:8; John 1:21
14 2 Gr Jeremias
15 * A star (*) is used to mark verbs that are historical presents in the Greek which have been translated with an English past tense in order to conform to modern usage. The translators recognized that in some contexts the present tense seems more unexpected and unjustified to the English reader than a past tense would have been. But Greek authors frequently used the present tense for the sake of heightened vividness, thereby transporting their readers in imagination to the actual scene at the time of occurence. However, the translators felt that it would be wise to change these historical presents to English past tenses.
16 1 I.e. the Messiah
16 a Matt 1:16; 16:20; John 11:27
16 b Matt 4:3
16 c Ps 42:2; Matt 26:63; Acts 14:15; Rom 9:26; 2 Cor 3:3; 6:16; 1 Thess 1:9; 1 Tim 3:15; 4:10; Heb 3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22; Rev 7:2
17 a John 1:42; 21:15–17
17 1 I.e. son of Jonah
17 b 1 Cor 15:50; Gal 1:16; Eph 6:12; Heb 2:14
18 1 Gr Petros, a stone
18 a Matt 4:18
18 2 Gr petra, large rock; bed-rock
18 b Matt 11:23
19 a Is 22:22; Rev 1:18; 3:7
19 b Matt 18:18; John 20:23
19 1 Gr estai dedemenon, fut. pft. pass.
19 2 Gr estai lelumenon, fut. pft. pass.
20 a Matt 8:4; Mark 8:30; Luke 9:21
20 1 Or strictly admonished
20 2 I.e. the Messiah
20 b Matt 1:16; 16:16; John 11:27
1.
What is the Petra/rock that
Jesus speaks about? – Divine revelation (hear the Voice of God) “flesh and blood did not reveal this to you”
v.17
2.
What is the gates of Hades? – the “church” will not
cease to exist on earth before the final judgement (Revelations 20:13-14)
3.
What is this “church”?
a.
Not the “churches” we know
today
b.
An “anachronism” to translate
“ekklesia” with “church”
c.
Jesus was speaking
Hebrew/Aramaic: “ekklesia” = “qehila”
d.
The principle of first
appearance: Deut 4:10ff; 9:10
10 “Remember the day you stood before the LORD your God at Horeb, when
the LORD said to me, ‘Assemble the
people to Me, that I may let them hear My words so they may learn to
fear Me all the days they live on the earth, and that they may teach their
children.’
11 “You came near and stood at the foot of the mountain, and the
mountain burned with fire to the very heart of the heavens: darkness, cloud and
thick gloom.
12 “Then the LORD spoke to you from the midst of the fire; you heard
the sound of words, but you saw no form—only
a voice.
e.
Occurrences in Old Testament:
78 – never translated as “church”, rather “assembly” or “congregation” (KJV).
f.
Ephesians speaks about the
“assembly”
g.
Also: the body of Christ, a
temple of God, the bride, sons of God, children of God…
4.
The “assemblies” of the reformation:
reformers, radicals, Anabaptists, Roman Catholics
5.
Important questions:
a.
How does the “assembly”
function?
b.
What role does the church play
in serving the “assembly”?
c.
Are you part of the church, the
“assembly” or both?
d.
Can you be “assembly” on your
own?
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